Lumbar osteochondrosis is a chronic disease that develops as a result of the degenerative-dystrophic process in the intervertebral discs.The disease is widespread and in most cases affects people aged 25 to 40 years.
According to spinal pain statistics, at least once every time he experiences his life, and in 95% of cases they are caused by osteochondrosis of the spine.
Patients with lumbar osteochondrosis, severe pain and other manifestations are recognized as temporary disabilities.If their condition does not improve within four months, the issue of creating a disability group will be resolved.
Lumbar osteochondrosis is a serious medical and social problem, as the disease mainly affects people of the most working age, in addition, in the absence of treatment, this can lead to hernia hernia.
Causes and Risk Factors
Factors that are prone to development of lumbar osteochondrosis are:
- Disorders of the spine structure;
- Lumbalization is a congenital pathology of the spine, characterized by separation from the first spine communion and its transformation from the sixth (additional) waist;
- Sewing is a congenital pathology in which the fifth lumbar spine is fed in communion;
- Asymmetric location of articular cracks of intervertebral joints;
- Abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal;
- Reflected by spondogenic pains (somatic and muscle);
- Obesity;
- Sedentary lifestyle;
- Prolonged vibration;
- Systematic physical strain;
- Smoking.
Unwanted statusodenamic loads, along with one or more risk factors, cause the physiological properties of the fiber disk jacket nucleus, plays a shocking role and provides mobility of the spinal column.The basis of this process is the depolymerization of polysaccharides, which results in the loss of moisture of the aircraft nucleus.As a result, the jacket core and with it, the fiber disc loses their elastic properties.Further mechanical loads cause protrusion of the fiber rim that has lost elasticity.This phenomenon is called protrusion.The cracks appear in the fiber nucleus through which the jacket nucleus (prolapse, intervertebral disc hernia) will be removed.
Long contraction of nerve roots over time in certain organs of the abdominal cavity causes their functioning.
The volatility of the spinal segment is accompanied by reactive changes in the organs of the surrounding spine, intervertebral joints, and concomitant spondil arthrosis.Significant contraction of the muscles, for example, in the light of physical activity, causes the vertebral organs and disorders of the nerve roots with the development of radical syndrome.
Osteophytes can be another cause of pain and neurological symptoms with lumbar osteochondrosis - bone effects on the spine processes and bodies that cause rosold syndrome or compression myelopathy (spinal cord contraction).
The forms of the disease
Depending on which structures are drawn in the pathological process, lumbar osteochondrosis is clinically manifested by the following syndromes:
- Reflect- Lumbalgia, Lumbochachalia, Lumbago;Develop the background of the back muscular reflex;
- Compression (spinal, vascular, radical)- Their development causes contraction of the spinal cord, blood vessels or nerve roots.Examples are lumbosacral sciatica, radiculoicemia.
Symptoms of lumbar osteochondrosis
Along with lumbar osteochondrosis, the symptoms are determined which structures occur in the pathological process.
Lumbago is found under the influence of hypothermia or physical exaggeration, sometimes for obvious reasons.The pain suddenly arises and firearms.It becomes intense when coughing, coughing, turning the body, physical effort, chair, standing, walking.In a state of lies, the pain significantly weakens.Sensitivity and reflexes are maintained, the volume of movements in the lumbar region decreases.
By palpation, they observe:
- Pain in the lumbar region;
- Paravertebral muscle spasm;
- Lumbar lordosis, which is often combined with scoliosis.
Nerve root tension syndrome is negative from the waist.When raising the straight leg, patients indicate an increase in pain in the lower back and not their appearance on the elongated lower limb.
Often, along with lumbar osteochondrosis, it is a recurrent case of pain attacks that becomes increasingly intense and longer.
Along with lumbbal, the clinical picture resembles Lumbago, however, the intensity of pain increases in a few days.
In the form of a waist, patients complain of pain in the lower back, which emits one or both lower extremities.The pain extends to the buttocks and the back of the thigh and never reaches the legs.
Vasomotor disorders are typical of lumbar signs:
- Changes in lower extremity skin temperature and color;
- Feeling of heat or cruelty;
- Blood supply disorders.
The development of lumbar compression syndromes is clinically manifested by the following symptoms:
- Dermatomic gipalgesia;
- Shooting pains;
- Weakening or complete loss of deep reflexes;
- Peripheral parasis.
Compression syndrome, pain in the body, coughing and coughing.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of lumbar osteochondrosis is based on the clinical picture of the disease, laboratory and instrumental research methods.
In the light of lumbar osteochondrosis in blood tests, it may be noted:
- Decreased calcium concentration;
- ESR growth;
- Increase alkaline phosphatase levels.
In the diagnosis of lumbar osteochondrosis, radiological examination of the spine is of great importance.
Long contraction of nerve roots over time in certain organs of the abdominal cavity causes their functioning.
X -Ray characteristics that are evidenced to confirm the diagnosis:
- Change of configuration of the affected segment;
- Pseudospondylast (related to spine organs);
- Deformation of closing plates;
- Rolling intervertebral disk;
- The uneven height of the intervertebral disc (a symptom of spacer) associated with the asymmetric muscle tone.
Also used to diagnose lumbar osteochondrosis:
- Myelography, computing or magnetic refusal tomography - is essential for the development of persistent symptoms, neurological deficits;
- Scintigraphy (Study of the accumulation of phosphorus bone system, melted technology -99) -performed due to tumor or infectious process, spinal injury, in case of suspicion.
Differential diagnosis of lumbar osteochondrosis is performed by the following diseases:
- Spondylolistz;
- Deandmornal spondylopathy;
- Ankylotic spondylitis (ankylotic spondylitis);
- Infectious processes (inflammation of the discs, osteomyelitis of the spine);
- Non -plastic processes (primary tumor of the spine or its metastatic injury);
- Rheumatoid arthritis;
- Deformity of osteoarosis of the thigh joint;
- Laid out of pains (diseases of the internal organs and large blood vessels).
Treatment of lumbar osteochondrosis
With lumbar osteochondrosis, they usually adhere to the following treatment tactics:
- Bed rest for 2-3 days;
- Tribulation of the affected segment of the spine;
- Strengthening the back and abdominal press muscles (creating a so -called muscle corset);
- Impact on abnormal myofasic and myotonic processes.
Lumbago is found under the influence of hypothermia or physical exaggeration, sometimes for obvious reasons.
In most cases, conservative treatment of lumbar osteochondrosis, including the following measures, is performed:
- Muscle infiltration with local anesthetics solution;
- Taking non -anti -anti -anti -anti -anti -anti -anti -anti -anti -anti -anti -remedies;
- Getting desensitizing agents;
- Vitamin therapy;
- Taking tranquilizers and antidepressants;
- Manual therapy, massage;
- Physical education of physiotherapy;
- Acupuncture;
- Post -meter rest.
Absolute instructions for surgical treatment of lumbar osteochondrosis are:
- Severe or subacute spinal cord compression;
- Development of horse tail syndrome, characterized by impaired function of pelvic organs, sensitive and motor disorders.
Medical gymnastics for lumbar osteochondrosis
In the intricate treatment of lumbar osteochondrosis, physiotherapy exercises are an important role.Regular classes will enable the paravertebral muscle muscle tone to improve metabolic processes in the tissues affected by the abnormal process, and in addition, form a well -developed muscle corset that can maintain the spine in the correct position, remove excessive static loads from it.
In order for gymnastics to have the greatest effect on lumbar osteochondrosis,
- Class regularity;
- Gradual increase in the intensity of physical exercise;
- Avoid unnecessary work during the lesson.
Physical education should be involved in the guidance of experienced instructors who will select the most effective exercises for a particular patient and control the correctness of their implementation.
According to spinal pain statistics, at least once every time he experiences his life, and in 95% of cases they are caused by osteochondrosis of the spine.
In addition to lessons with the instructor, you should perform a morning gymnastics complex daily, which includes special exercises with lumbar osteochondrosis.
- Abdominal muscles rest and contraction.The starting position stands, the legs are removed from the shoulder width, the body's hands are reduced.Make a smooth breath, relax the muscles of the abdominal cavity.During exhalation, he would maximize himself, pressing the muscles of the press.Exercise should be repeated before mild fatigue appears.
- Head movement to the spine.The starting position of the elbows, the back of the floor, rests on the back.Slowly raise your head and bent back.Stay in this position for a few seconds, then return to its original position smoothly.Repeat at least 10-12 times.
- "Pendant".The starting position that rises to the back, the arms along the body, the legs of the knee and the thigh joints are bent at the right angles.Turn your feet to the right and left with pendant -covered movements, trying to get the floor.At the same time, shoulder blades from the floor cannot be collapsed.
- "The boat".The starting position of the lies on the abdomen, the hands moving forward.Destroy the upper body and legs from the floor, slide it on the back.In this position for 5-6 seconds and slowly return to its original state.Perform 10 times.
Possible consequences and complications
The main complications of lumbar osteochondrosis are:
- Intervertebral hernia;
- Herbal vascular dystonia;
- Spondylolis, spondylolistz;
- Osteophytosis;
- Spondylarthrosis;
- Spinal canal stenosis, which causes spinal cord compression and can lead to constant loss of work capabilities and reducing the quality of life.
Long contraction of nerve roots over time in certain organs of the abdominal cavity causes their functioning.As a result, patients have intestinal dysfunctions (constipation, diarrhea, plane) and pelvic organs (urinary disorders, erectile dysfunction, flight, infertility).
Prognosis
Pain syndrome for lumbar osteochondrosis occurs in the form of remission and exacerbations.Lumbago lasts 10-15 days, after which the patient's condition improves, the pain is reduced.Secondary diseases can prevent a favorable result.Often, along with lumbar osteochondrosis, it is a recurrent case of pain attacks that becomes increasingly intense and longer.
In the intricate treatment of lumbar osteochondrosis, physiotherapy exercises are an important role.
Patients with lumbar osteochondrosis, severe pain and other manifestations are recognized as temporary disabilities.If their condition does not improve within four months, the issue of creating a disability group will be resolved.
Prevention
Prevention of the development of osteochondrosis of the spine is the following measures:
- Smoking refusal;
- Normalization of body weight;
- Improving general physical condition, active lifestyle;
- Avoid provocation conditions (weight gain, sharp movements, turn, inclinations).